Work Permit in Canada: Types and Application Process Explained

Whether you want to work temporarily or use your permit as a pathway to permanent residency, knowing your options and the application process is key.

Understanding the Two Main Types of Work Permits: Open vs Closed

When considering working in Canada as a temporary worker, one of the critical steps is understanding the type of work permit you'll need. Work permits in Canada are generally classified into two broad categories:

• Open Work Permits (OWP)

• Closed (Employer-Specific) Work Permits

Both allow foreign nationals to work legally in Canada, but they differ significantly in flexibility and restrictions.

What Is an Open Work Permit?

An open work permit lets you work for any employer in Canada, in any location, and almost any job, without being tied to a specific employer or position.

Key Features:

• No job offer or LMIA required (in most cases)

• Greater freedom to change jobs or employers

• Some restrictions apply (e.g., healthcare, defense sectors)

• Common for spouses of work/study permit holders, international graduates, and refugee claimants

Examples of Open Work Permits:

• Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)

• Spouse Open Work Permit (for spouses/common-law partners)

• Bridging Open Work Permit (for those awaiting permanent residency decisions)

• Working Holiday Permit (under International Experience Canada)

What Is a Closed (Employer-Specific) Work Permit?

A closed work permit restricts you to working for a specific employer in a defined job role and location.

Key Features:

• Requires a job offer and often a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA)

• Limited ability to change jobs without applying for a new permit

• Employer has additional obligations and compliance requirements

• Common for workers hired under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP)

Examples of Closed Work Permits:

• LMIA-Supported Work Permit

• Intra-Company Transfer Permit

• Young Professional Permit (under IEC)

• Francophone Mobility Permit (LMIA-exempt)

Other Work Permit Programs and Pathways

Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP)

Through the TFWP, Canadian employers address labor shortages by hiring foreign workers for specific roles, typically requiring a positive LMIA. Workers get employer-specific permits linked to their job and employer.

International Mobility Program (IMP)

The IMP covers LMIA-exempt permits, facilitating the hiring of foreign workers under international agreements (e.g., CUSMA), intra-company transfers, and other special categories.

Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)

Designed for international graduates from eligible Canadian institutions, the PGWP allows them to gain Canadian work experience for up to three years, supporting career development and permanent residency pathways.

Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)

This permit lets individuals waiting for permanent residency decisions continue working legally in Canada, maintaining status and employment continuity.

How to Apply for a Work Permit in Canada

1. Determine Eligibility: Identify whether you qualify for an open or closed work permit and if an LMIA is needed.

2. Gather Documents: Prepare your passport, job offer, LMIA (if applicable), proof of finances, and application forms.

3. Submit Application: Apply online, through a Visa Application Centre or Port-of-entry (if eligible) for faster processing.

4. Wait for Processing: Processing times vary by country and permit type; check the IRCC website for updates.

5. Receive Permit and Enter Canada: Present your documents at the port of entry and start your Canadian work journey.

When to Choose an Open Work Permit vs Closed Work Permit

Choose an Open Work Permit If:

• You want the flexibility to explore multiple job opportunities

• You are accompanying a skilled worker or student as a spouse/partner

• You are an international student seeking Canadian work experience after graduation

• You prefer not to be tied to a single employer

Choose a Closed Work Permit If:

• You have a specific job offer from an employer willing to sponsor you

• You are being transferred within your multinational company

• You qualify for specific programs like the Young Professional Permit under IEC

Transitioning From a Work Permit to Permanent Residency

Many foreign workers use Canadian work experience gained on work permits to qualify for permanent residency through programs such as:

• Canadian Experience Class (CEC) under Express Entry

• Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs)

How to Find an Employer in Canada Willing to Apply for a Work Permit

1. Identify Your Job Target and NOC Code

• Know the exact job title and its National Occupation Classification (NOC) code.

• This helps you target employers hiring in your field and understand LMIA requirements.

2. Use Canadian Job Boards and Websites

• Search for job postings on popular platforms like:

• Job Bank (official Canadian government site)

• Indeed Canada

• Workopolis

• LinkedIn

• Look specifically for employers stating “LMIA support available” or “willing to hire foreign workers.”

3. Network in Your Industry

• Join Canadian professional groups on LinkedIn or industry-specific forums.

• Attend virtual Canadian job fairs and immigration webinars.

• Reach out to connections or recruiters who specialize in hiring foreign workers.

4. Contact Employers Directly

• Prepare a strong resume and cover letter tailored to Canadian standards.

• Apply to companies in sectors with labor shortages (IT, healthcare, engineering, hospitality).

• Express your understanding of the LMIA process and willingness to support it.

5. Work With Recruitment Agencies

• Some agencies specialize in placing foreign workers with Canadian employers.

• Make sure the agency is reputable and authorized.

6. Consider Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs)

• Some provinces run streams where employers actively recruit foreign workers.

• Check the specific PNP websites for employer-driven programs.

7. Prepare to Explain the LMIA Process

• Many employers are unfamiliar with LMIA - be ready to explain that:

• It’s a process to prove no Canadian worker is available.

• It involves a government application by the employer.

• The cost and processing time are the employer’s responsibility.

• Showing you understand this can reassure employers.

Tips to Improve Your Chances

• Highlight your unique skills or certifications that are in demand in Canada.

• Be flexible with job locations or roles to widen your search.

• Get Canadian-style credentials assessed and recognized if possible.

• Be patient and persistent - hiring foreign workers is a big step for many employers.

About the Author: Lauren Shannan is a Senior Immigration Consultant with 10 years of experience helping foreign nationals navigate their journey in Canada. With her extensive knowledge of immigration processes and policies, Lauren provides valuable insights to those looking to make Canada their new home.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For personalized advice, please consult with a licensed immigration professional.